Guides

The reasoning behind the numbers.

A calculator gives you an answer. It does not tell you whether the question was the right one, which input is doing all the work, or when the answer stops being true. These are the written explanations behind our calculators and our apps — worked through with real numbers, and honest about where each method breaks down.

Trading risk

Position sizing, explained

Fix the loss first and solve for size. The formula, and what pip value, tick value and share price each do to it — worked through in forex, stocks and futures.

Read the guide →9 min
Trading risk

Risk of ruin, and why 2% is the wrong default

A profitable edge can still ruin you. What the calculation measures, the drawdown table nobody looks at before they need it, and how to pick a risk figure you can defend.

Read the guide →10 min
Options

Where an option actually breaks even

The payoff diagram is true on exactly one day. What delta, theta, vega and gamma do on the other days, and why being right on direction is not enough.

Read the guide →11 min
Options

Implied volatility crush

Why the option you bought before earnings loses money on good news. How to read the move already priced in, and decide if you are actually being paid to take the bet.

Read the guide →9 min
Portfolio

Beta-weighting: what “hedged” actually means

Turn a mixed portfolio into one index-equivalent number, size the hedge against it, and understand the assumption that fails exactly when you need the hedge.

Read the guide →10 min
Self-employed

Working backwards from take-home to an hourly rate

Why salary ÷ 2,080 is the wrong sum, what unbillable time really costs, and how to solve for the rate that leaves you the take-home you need.

Read the guide →9 min
Self-employed

Reserving tax on irregular income

Lumpy income makes tax feel optional until it isn't. How to set a hold-back percentage, why the first year is the dangerous one, and the two mistakes behind most tax shocks.

Read the guide →10 min
Borrowing

What a lender will actually lend you

The four things a bank's own assessment does that its public calculator does not: stressed rates, living-cost floors, card limits counted in full, and tax you owe but have not paid.

Read the guide →11 min
Trading risk

Forex lot sizes, and how to calculate the right one

Standard, mini and micro lots, where pip value comes from, and the account-currency conversion that silently mis-sizes every trade when it is skipped.

Read the guide →9 min
Trading risk

Futures tick values and contract sizing

What a tick is worth on the common contracts, how to size from a stop in points, and the rounding problem micro contracts were invented to solve.

Read the guide →8 min
Trading risk

Where to place a stop loss

Structure, volatility, time and percentage stops compared — and the one question that decides the level before position size is allowed anywhere near it.

Read the guide →9 min
Options

Covered calls, and the trade you are actually making

The income framing hides the shape. What you give up, how strike and expiry choice change it, and the two situations where the strategy genuinely fits.

Read the guide →9 min
Borrowing

Self-employed mortgages: what lenders look for

Which income figure is assessed, why averaging works against a growing business, the add-backs most people never claim, and how to prepare two years ahead.

Read the guide →10 min
Trading risk

ADR vs ATR

Two volatility measures, one difference that matters: gaps. A worked example, which to use for intraday and swing stops, and how to turn either into a stop loss.

Read the guide →8 min
Trading risk

Trading plan template and pre-trade checklist

Six sections to fill in once, a ten-point checklist to run before every order, and a worked plan for a hypothetical swing trader.

Read the guide →8 min
Portfolio

Multi-agent AI stock research, explained

Specialist agents, a bull-bear debate and a portfolio manager synthesis — how the pipeline works, what the research says, and how to use the output responsibly.

Read the guide →7 min
Options

How many option contracts should you trade?

Size from maximum loss per contract, round down, and treat undefined-risk trades differently — worked through on a $25,000 account.

Read the guide →7 min
Options

How many SPY puts do you need?

Beta-weight the portfolio, size the puts, then see what strike and expiry do to the yearly cost — with a collar as the cheaper alternative.

Read the guide →7 min
Tax

Setting aside tax on 1099 income

Self-employment tax plus federal income tax, worked through for 2026 — with the quarterly due dates and the safe-harbour rules that keep you clear of penalties.

Read the guide →7 min
Tax

Saving for Self Assessment

Income tax and Class 4 National Insurance for 2025/26 and 2026/27, how payments on account work, and the first-year cash shock worked through in pounds.

Read the guide →7 min
Trading risk

Choosing a trading journal app

Native or web, on-device or cloud, broker sync or CSV. The five questions to answer first, and how Tradervue, TradesViz, TraderSync, Edgewonk, TradeZella and RiskDesk compare as of September 2026.

Read the guide →9 min
Self-employed

Sole trader apps in Australia, compared

Software or a service that lodges for you? Bank feed or statement import? How Hnry, Rounded, Xero, MYOB Solo, QuickBooks, Tyro Accounting and CashDesk compare as of September 2026.

Read the guide →7 min
Tax

How much tax to set aside as a sole trader (Australia)

A practical percentage for income tax and the Medicare levy, why GST is a separate pot, and how PAYG instalments squeeze your first years.

Read the guide →8 min
Tax

Share trader vs investor: the tax difference

How the ATO distinguishes a share-trading business from investing, what changes for gains, losses and the CGT discount, and how to reserve tax either way.

Read the guide →9 min
Trading risk

Risk management software for prop traders

Monitors, sizers, journals and copiers do different jobs. What each can and cannot do about a daily-loss or drawdown breach, and how the main options compare as of October 2026.

Read the guide →8 min
Self-employed

Tax software for the self-employed (US)

Tracking, quarterly estimates or filing? How Keeper, QuickBooks, Found, Wave and CashDesk compare for freelancers and sole proprietors as of October 2026.

Read the guide →8 min
Portfolio

AI investment research tools, compared

Chat assistants, AI scores, analyst consensus and multi-agent debate. What each kind of tool is good for, the questions to ask any of them, and where HedgeDesk fits.

Read the guide →8 min
Options

Options profit calculators, compared

Websites, broker tools and native apps. What a good options calculator shows beyond the expiry payoff, and how the main options compare as of October 2026.

Read the guide →7 min
Tax

Setting aside tax when self-employed in Canada

Federal tax, both halves of CPP and CPP2 for 2026, CRA instalments, and a worked percentage of profit to reserve.

Read the guide →7 min
Tax

Advance tax for freelancers in India

FY 2026-27 slabs, presumptive taxation for professionals, and the advance tax calendar worked in rupees.

Read the guide →7 min
Tax

Making Tax Digital quarterly updates

Who is in from April 2026, the quarterly deadlines, the 2026/27 penalty easement and how much to set aside each quarter.

Read the guide →6 min

How these are written

Every guide here is written by us, from the same work that goes into our applications — RiskDesk for trade risk, OptionsDesk for options, HedgeDesk for equity research and hedging, and CashDesk for tax and cash flow on irregular income. When a guide describes a formula, it is the formula the corresponding free calculator actually runs.

Three things we try to do consistently. Show the arithmetic. Every guide carries at least one worked example with real numbers, because a formula in the abstract is easy to nod along to and hard to apply. Name the assumption. Most of these methods rest on one or two assumptions that are fine until they are not, and we say which. State what it will not do. None of this is financial, investment, tax or legal advice, and none of it predicts a price.

Where to start

If you trade, start with position sizing and then risk of ruin — in that order, because the second one explains why the first one matters more than your entry signal. If you are self-employed, start with reserving tax on irregular income, which is the problem that causes more damage than any pricing mistake.